MANMADE DISASTER IN BANGLADESH

Bangladesh is the most vulnerable to several natural disasters and manmade hazards and disasters. Every year natural calamities as well as anthropogenic hazards upset people’s lives in some part of the country. These extreme natural and manmade events are termed disasters when they adversely affect the whole environment, including human beings, their shelters, or the resources essential for their livelihoods.  The geographical setting of Bangladesh makes the country vulnerable to natural disasters. Due to the human involvement calamity of this disasters are increased in a large scale. There are also Human-made hazards (also called anthropogenic hazards) are distinguishable from environmental hazards by the direct level of human involvement in their causation. These Hazards often turn in to disasters when it causes severe damage and capacity limit of the community to recover the damage by their own capacity. 

MAN-MADE DISASTER IN BANGLADESH

Man-made disaster refers to a disaster resulting from man-made hazards such as error or negligence, unlike the natural disaster which result from natural hazards. Man-made disaster can also be referred to as anthropogenic and they include terrorism, civil disorder, war and other technological hazards. Table 1 shows the example of some man-made hazards and disasters.

Table 1: Manmade Hazards/Disasters

Classification	Name of Hazards/Disasters
Accidents	Air crashes, marine accidents, motor vehicle crashes, rail accidents, subway accidents
Dam failure	Flooding, landslides, soil erosion, sedimentation.
Ecological Destruction	Deforestation, disruption of natural hydrological cycle, global warming, ozone depletion.
Explosions and leaks	Gas explosion and gas leaks, mine explosion, other explosion.
Famine	Drought, depletion of groundwater resources, erosion and accretion, local flooding, desertification.
Fire	Forest fires, urban fires, urban wild land interface, grass, bush and brush fire.
Geological	Avalanches, debris avalanches, debris flows, landslides, sand and dust storms, land subsidence, submarine slides.
Hazardous material accidents (in situ)	Gas leaks, chemical leaks, oil spills.
Conflict-induced hazards	Nuclear accidents, riots, terrorism, war, hijacking, bombing.
Complex emergencies	Power outages, pollution, sudden gas leaks, grid failure.
Space object crashes	Spaceship crashes, meteoroids.
Structural collapse	Buildings and other structures
System attack	Cyber-terrorism

Some massive manmade disasters in the world are: 

• Bhopal Gas Tragedy, India; 
• Deep water Horizon Oil Spill, Gulf of Mexico; 
• Chernobyl Meltdown, Ukraine; 
• Fukushima Meltdown, Japan.

In recent years, man-made disasters have become common news in Bangladesh. For examples, collapse of the Spectrum Sweater factory killed 64 workers and injures 80. Begun Bari disaster occurred on June 1, 2010. A  five‐storey  building  toppled  onto three  tin‐shed  houses  in  Begunbari area ,  resulting death to 23 people. Again, Nimtoli disaster occurs on June 2010, flames eight buildings and over 20 shops and Killed 120 people at Nawab Katra of Nimtoli. On 25 February 2006 ,a  5  storied  building  complex  collapsed living  21  dead  and  several  injured.  The building  that  housed  the  factory  of Phoenix  Fabrics  a  year  ago  was  being converted  into  a  500‐bed  hospital.  There were  also  show rooms  of  Phoenix  Fabrics and Phoenix Electronics on the ground and first  floors  and  a  number  of tin shed rooms on the rooftop. Experts blamed faulty and unplanned construction for the collapse.

10 June 2004, 11 people were killed in a predawn collapse of a six‐storey building built on 200 year‐old three storey foundations at Shankhari Bazar in Old Dhaka on 10 June 2004. The building, was among  the  32  structures,  built without  designs,  in  Shankhari Bazar  that  Rajuk  marked as highly vulnerable. And very recent time people died all over the country due to the political violences.