The
public facility is defined as the facility to which people must travel to
receive the service, or from which a service is provided to the whole community
of interest in administration, economy, education, health, scientific research
and physical training (China Standard GB/T. 50280-98, 1998). They provide
important goods and services which contribute to and enhance the quality of
life (Massam, 1993). They include schools, libraries, stadiums, hospital,
clinics and other public facility. Public facilities are important because they
both provide desirable services to and impose undesirable impacts on those who
use the city, and from the market perspective, land to be developable must have
access to a network of facilities (Yi, 2004).
Optimal allocation of school is a
type of social service public facility planning; and GIS as well as
location-allocation models have been extensively used for facility planning. “For
well functioning of a city it is very important to ensure the optimum location
of different public facility. But in many countries public facility generally
apply as planning standards, such as how many acres of parks and play ground or
how many schools are needed for a certain number of population. But these
general approaches may not find the best sites for facilities” (Islam and Amin,
2006 p.73).
By contrast of
location-allocation (LA) models can be
used to find the optimal location of facilities. More specially
location-allocation models attempt to find the best location of facilities
optimizing the one or more objectives namely; minimum average/total distance,
minimum distance, equal assignment, threshold constrain and capacity constrain.
Most of the location allocation models are single objective and desired for a
single level of facility. Although much progress has been made in developing
models which handle are multiples objectives (Yeh and Chow, 1996).
The main drawback of using
location-allocation model in facility planning is that the optimal locations
identified may be not being a practical solution. Facilities may be located in
unusable area, such as seas, river, road or land occupied by another land use
that is very costly to demolish and relocate (Yeh and Chow, 1996).
To avoid this situation have a
good opportunity for the integrations of GIS and location allocation models
which can take full advantage of these two approaches. Optimal locations of
facilities are first identified by using location allocation model circular
buffers are then draw around them to specify areas and use land suitability
analysis which are considered to be
acceptable solution for locating the public facilities. These solution spaces
can then be used by decision maker for further evaluation of suitable sites
which fall within, or close to the solution space.
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